17.77亿终端用户开启万物互联新阶段******
17.77亿户——这是截至2022年10月末三家基础电信企业的蜂窝物联网终端用户数量,比上年末净增3.79亿户。中国信息通信研究院预计,到2030年,我国移动物联网连接数将达到百亿级规模。快速增长的数据背后,是移动物联网相关创新应用的不断涌现。工业互联、智慧农业、远程抄表、智能家居、共享设备……移动物联网与千行百业加速创新融合规模发展,深刻改变着生产和生活方式,赋能行业新应用、激活经济新动能。
在福建泉州金鸡水厂,员工沈培坤一天的工作是从早上查看手机开始的。“你看,手机应用显示,现在的出厂水浊度达到了优质级别。”沈培坤一边展示实时数据,一边对记者说,如果设备损坏或者水质异常,通过中控大屏或手机应用就能看到,异常的高温、震动情况还有及时预警。
“过去每天不停在设备机房间奔走,一身水一身泥。”沈培坤告诉记者,现在水厂关键设备实现在“云”运转和互通互联,智能传感器结合AI算法,可以进行自动采集数据、远程抄表、远程控阀等多种功能,高效识别设备运行异常情况。“智能化改造前,水厂需要约60名一线工人,现在仅靠两个人在中控室就可实现对全厂众多工艺的管理控制,全厂也只需要4个班组共8个人的一线操作员。”
保持高效稳定运行只是第一步。水厂调度中心主任谢晓华介绍,从终端设备采集回来的数据,依靠百度智能云提供的AI用水量预测模型,可以进一步实现节能降耗和用水体验提升。“以水压为例,过去自来水公司只能通过收集客户投诉意见来判断水压设置是否合理,现在可以用数据模型指导工作人员主动调整压力。”
不止智慧水务,移动物联网的创新应用遍布各个领域。在重庆市大足区黑山羊国家级保种场,每只黑山羊耳朵都戴着一个“电子身份证”——5G智能电子耳标。通过这个“电子身份证”,数据接入“5G黑山羊智慧养殖平台”,工作人员可以准确掌握分析羊群养殖存栏量、育种繁殖指标、羊群生长状况。在济南,通过智慧燃气管理平台,工作人员可以实时查看管理全市近50万块物联网燃气表,远程抄表、在线充值等让燃气管理使用更便捷。
“移动物联网与千行百业加速创新融合,使数据产生价值,赋能经济社会各个领域,促进数字化转型升级。”中国信息通信研究院院长余晓晖介绍,目前窄带物联网已形成水表、气表、烟感、追踪类4个千万级应用,白色家电、路灯、停车、农业等7个百万级应用,电视机机顶盒、垃圾桶、冷链、模具管理等多领域新兴应用。5G在工业互联网、车联网、物流、采矿等领域加快物联网应用场景探索和落地,已覆盖国民经济40个大类。
2022年,我国移动物联网迎来全面发展重要节点。工信部数据显示,代表“物”连接的移动物联网终端用户数于2022年8月末首次超出代表“人”连接的移动电话用户数之后,“物超人”这一趋势持续延续。截至10月末,三家基础电信企业发展蜂窝物联网终端用户已达17.77亿户,已超移动电话用户数9482万户。
中国工程院院士邬贺铨认为,过去,互联网和移动互联网的发展主要依靠人口红利;如今,物联网应用打开了另一个维度,工业互联网、智慧城市、智慧家居等应用将实现爆发式增长,网络技术发展开启新的里程碑。
“移动物联网深度融入经济社会发展各领域多环节的同时,国内企业技术及产品研发能力持续增强,生态体系不断完善。”余晓晖说,我国移动物联网在连接规模和“物超人”比例上远远高于世界主要发达国家,自2015年以来,我国一直是全球移动物联网技术创新的主要贡献者。生态建设方面,我国移动物联网产业规模不断壮大,产业供给能力显著提升,芯片、模组、终端出货量等方面全球领先。
余晓晖表示,随着移动物联网的发展基础和产业体系持续优化完善,移动物联网终端用户数将进一步扩大。
一方面,我国建成全球最大的移动物联网络,实现高中低速协同组网的良好局面,并加快2G/3G物联网业务向4G/5G迁移。另一方面,持续提升移动物联网网络与芯片、模组、平台及行业应用等全产业水平,促进移动物联网应用产业生态全面发展。中国信息通信研究院预计,到2030年,我国移动物联网连接数将达到百亿级规模。
“我国移动物联网将向更广范围、更深程度、更高水平发展方向迈进,从过去的服务人和信息消费,进一步发展到现在的服务千行百业,让‘万物互联’的愿景真正成为现实。”余晓晖说,未来,移动物联网将极大扩展连接的范围与深度,并与感知、边缘计算等技术相结合,推动实现人、机、物的数字化智能化,引领信息通信产业变革的新浪潮,助力数字社会高质量发展,为经济发展增添新动能。(记者郭倩)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |