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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

在盐碱地上种粮食是什么体验？这位“新农人”有话说******

　　手中有粮、心中不慌。为了保证老百姓的“米袋子”“菜篮子”，确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中，人们对粮食的珍惜和劳作一天都没有停息。如今，我们通过高效治理模式，开始向盐碱地要粮食产量。吉林省西部属于多盐碱地，“新农人”武在洲在盐碱地里种水稻，2022年，他喜获丰收。在盐碱地上种粮食，他经历了哪些困难，又有哪些收获？

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：我身后这堆稻谷就能卖到多少钱呢？80多万块。我这个晾晒场今年要是全能卖了，得卖将近600万元。以前村里人不信盐碱地能种出水稻，现在他们也服气了，纷纷跟着我一起干。听说大安市现在已经推广这种新技术70多万亩了，盐碱地真是变成了新粮仓。

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：我以前是干建筑的，挣了点钱，可农村出来的人总感觉离开土地不踏实。2015年决定回村种水田，没想到亲戚朋友全都反对。那时候三十来岁，年轻有冲劲，又看到已经有人开始种了，所以觉得自己也行。没想到头一年上秋，亩产就三四十斤，赔了个底朝天，想来想去不甘心，还是那句话，我不服，但这回我不再蛮干了，种盐碱地光有力气不行，还得有科技。

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：就是这块地给了我启发，给了我种植盐碱地的方法。这块地不是我的，是中科院专家的，上秋产量比我那高，平时长得也很茂盛，我就上他们这来学习了。

　　中国科学院大安碱地生态实验站高级工程师刘淼：他来到了我们大安碱地生态实验站，我们就给他推荐了现在的“大安模式”。

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：专家说你之前靠传统的水洗盐的办法改造盐碱地效果肯定不行，得是良田、良种、良法，“三良一体化”高效治理模式才行。有了新技术当年亩产就超过了800斤，以前没服过谁，这下我是真服气了，第二年我又承包了3000亩盐碱地。

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：这几年跟着中科院的专家，我不光学会了改地、种地，更懂得了其中的意义。我改种的盐碱地是国家十八亿亩耕地保护红线之外的土地，我多改一亩盐碱地就意味着国家多了一亩耕地。省里提出实施千亿斤粮食目标，最大的潜力就在我们西部盐碱地。

　　吉林省大安市兆丰种植家庭农场负责人武在洲：刚结束的中央农村工作会，又给我们吃了定心丸。要向盐碱地要粮食，要让黑土地多打粮食。我们的路子看来走对了，心里就更踏实了。新一年，我和我的小伙伴，还有帮扶我们的科技团队，把这条路要走得更稳，更远。让中国人的饭碗牢牢地端在自己手中！

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）